Base-assisted Extraction and GC-MS analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Mango and Neem Leaves: Potential for pharmaceutic and Bioenergy applications
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Abstract
Study’s Excerpt:
- In this research, GC-MS analysis identified 28 bioactive compounds in mango and 20 in neem leaves.
- The dominant compounds in mango leaves were 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride (34.83%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (12.64%), and hexadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.57%).
- Neem leaves contained 1,3-Cyclobutanedione (26.68%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (11.25%), and hexadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.64%) as major compounds.
- NaOH (0.125 mol/L) hydrolysis enhanced extraction efficiency, increasing the yield of bioactive compounds compared to conventional methods.
- Identified compounds showed multifunctional potential, linking up to 34.83% of mango and 26.68% of neem extracts to pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and biodiesel applications.
Full Abstract:
The study investigates the bioactive chemical composition of mango (Mangifera indica) and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The objective was to analyze their phytochemical constituents and explore their pharmaceutic, industrial, and environmental applications. The leaves were collected, dried, and extracted using sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 1.5g, 0.125 mol/L in 300ml distilled water, PH 13.10 at room temperature) as catalyst through alkaline hydrolysis, which increased the release of bioactive compounds. The percentage yield of extract obtained from 20g of samples was 43.30g and 44.25g respectively for mango and neem leaves respectively. GC-MS analysis identified 28 bioactive compounds in mango leaves and 20 compounds in neem leaves, including fatty acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and sterols. In mango leaves, 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride (34.83 %), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (12.64 %), palmitic acid ethyl ester (8.15 %), hexadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.57 %), and linoleic acid ethyl ester (5.77 %) were the most abundant compounds. These compounds are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and biodiesel-related properties. Neem leaf extract revealed 1,3-Cyclobutanedione (26.68 %), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (11.25 %), hexadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.64 %), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (6.31 %), and phytol (2.57 %) as controlling compounds. These compounds can exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal activities as confirmed by various literature, reinforcing neem's traditional medicinal applications. The results confirm that mango and neem leaves have important pharmacologic and industrial potential. The presence of bioactive compounds suggests applications in medicine (anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial), cosmetics (moisturizers, antioxidants), and biofuels (biodiesel production). The use of NaOH hydrolysis improved extraction efficiency, increasing the yield of valuable compounds. This study highlights the sustainable utilization of mango and neem leaves for pharmaceutical and industrial purposes, promoting eco-friendly and cost-effective applications.
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