Quantification of Pollution Index of Selected Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils in Kafin Hausa Area, Northwest Nigeria

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2324.019

Keywords:

Heavy metals, pollution load index, Enrichment factor, Geo-accumulation index, Kafin Hausa, Nigeria

Abstract

In this study, the level of heavy metals contamination in agricultural soils in Kafin Hausa, Nigeria, was investigated and characterised using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis technique via the Nigeria Research Reactor-1. Fifteen soil samples were collected from five different sampling sites and analysed for eight heavy metals: aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), iron (Fe), holmium (Ho), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and rubidium (Rb).  Heavy metal pollution indices were estimated using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI).  The results showed that the mean Igeo indexes of                 Al (-3.09), As (-4.88), Ba (-0.89), Fe (-3.53), K (-2.20), and                 Mg (-4.95)  were lower than zero, indicating that the soil of the studied region was uncontaminated by these metals.  The mean EF of Ho was significantly higher than other metals, indicating that the soil is enriched with this metal.  As (0.40) and Mg (0.36) had the lowest EF values.  Similarly, the mean CF of all metals was lower than 1, suggesting minimal or low contamination.  In contrast, Ho (1.60) exhibits the highest CF value, signifying moderate contamination.  The PLI values for all metals were between 0.16 and 0.51, indicating that the studied area is unpolluted.  There are strong correlations between all the elements, with p-values at 0.01 level, particularly for K – Rb, Ba – K, and Ba – Rb, with values ranging from 0.94 to 0.94.  Hence, the results of this study suggest that the agricultural soils in Kafin Hausa are uncontaminated by heavy metals.

Author Biographies

Suleiman Bashir Adamu, Department of Physics, Faculty Natural and Applied Sciences, Sule Lamido University Kafin Hausa, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Department of Physics and Lecturer I

 

Inuwa Faragai Aliyu, Department of Physics, Kano State University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano

Department of Physics and Associate Professor 

 

Lawan Yalwa Musa, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sule Lamido University, Jigawa State, Kafin Hausa, Nigeria

Department of Physics and Lecturer II

 

 

Katibi Kayode Kamil, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Kwara State University, Malete, 23431, Nigeria

Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering and Lecturer II

 

Amoo Oladeji Afeez, Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria.

Department of Environmental Sciences and Lecturer I

 

Idris Chiromawa Muhammad, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sule Lamido University, Jigawa State, Kafin Hausa, Nigeria

Department of Physics and Senior Lecturer

 

 

Abdullahi Mikailu, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sule Lamido University, Jigawa State, Kafin Hausa, Nigeria

Department of Physics and Lecturer I

 

Tafida Abubakar Rabiu, Department of Physics, Nigerian Defence Academy Afaka, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Department of Physics and Senior Lecturer

 

Ibrahim Shittu Garba, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sule Lamido University, Jigawa State, Kafin Hausa, Nigeria

Department of Physics and Lecturer II

 

Sani Durumin Iya Garba, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sule Lamido University, Jigawa State, Kafin Hausa, Nigeria

Department of Physics and Senior Lecturer

 

Daniel Ojonugwa Thomas, Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State

Department of Physics and Lecturer I

 

Yusuf Yusuf Yakubu, Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, 810107, Nigeria

Department of Geography and Environmental Management and researcher

 

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Published

2023-12-30

How to Cite

Adamu, S. B., Aliyu, I. F., Musa, L. Y., Kamil, K. K., Afeez, A. O., Muhammad, I. C., Mikailu, A., Rabiu, T. A., Garba, I. S., Garba, S. D. I., Thomas, D. O., & Yakubu, Y. Y. (2023). Quantification of Pollution Index of Selected Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils in Kafin Hausa Area, Northwest Nigeria. UMYU Scientifica, 2(4), 150–160. https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2324.019

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Vol. 2 No. 4 (2023): UMYU Scientifica, Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2023

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