Comparative Phytochemical Screening and Acute Toxicity Study of Two Varieties of Ginger, Zingiber officinale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.002Keywords:
Zingiber officinale,, phytochemical, LD50, Albino Mice, acute toxicity, methanolic extractsAbstract
Phytochemicals are a wide range of compounds that exist naturally in plants, enhancing them with a defensive role that prevents the advancement of chronic diseases. The present study was conducted to determine and compare the presence of phytochemicals and acute toxicity of the two varieties of Zingiber officinale. Samples of Z. officinale were extracted with methanol by maceration, and the extracts were screened for phytochemicals by conventional techniques, while extracts were evaluated for acute toxicity to estimate the LD50 through oral administration in albino mice. Results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and the absence of anthraquinone in all the two varieties of the methanolic extracts for both the leaves and the rhizomes. The acute toxicity study showed that the local variety (LV) had oral LD50 values of 2154.1mg/kgBW (leaves) and 3807.8 mg/kgBW (rhizomes). In comparison, the improved variety (IV) had LD50 values of 3807.8 mg/kgBW (leaves) and > 5000 mg/kgBW (rhizomes) in the mice. Findings from the preliminary phytochemical screening implies that both two varieties of Z. officinale are rich in phytochemicals and that both varieties are less toxic with the local variety having higher toxic effect with respect to the LD50 values.
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