Microbial Analysis of Street Food Samples from Bichi Central Market, Kano State, Nigeria: Implications for Food Safety and Public Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2432.017Keywords:
Pathogens, Food, Bacteria, Food Safety, MicroorganismAbstract
Study’s Excerpt/Novelty
- This study presents a detailed bacteriological analysis of popular street foods from the Bichi Central Market in Kano, highlighting the public health risks associated with their consumption.
- By identifying significant bacterial contamination in 90% of the samples, including the presence of harmful microorganisms such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Vibrio spp., the research underscores the urgent need for effective food safety interventions.
- These findings contribute valuable data to the field of food safety, particularly in developing regions, and emphasize the importance of stringent hygiene practices in street food preparation to prevent food-borne illnesses.
Full Abstract
One fundamental prerequisite for food quality is food safety. Twenty samples of street food-fried rice, rice and beans, spaghetti, and jollof rice were randomly chosen from five separate sellers in the Bichi Central Market, Kano. The samples were taken in sterile polythene bags on ice to stop the growth of bacteria. The samples were sub-cultured and subjected to the pour plate procedure for bacteriological analysis. To use pour plate techniques, the sample was serially diluted. The first and last tubes were chosen, and 1 ml of each sample was pipetted into the Nutrient agar plate and incubated for 24 hours at 37oC before being checked for growth. The amounts of bacterial growth in each of the screened food samples ranged from 1.0 X 105 to 2.6 X 106 cfu/ml. Bacterial counts in 90% of the food samples exceeded the acceptable threshold (104 cfu/ml), and bacterial counts in 10% showed low counts. The food samples identified five distinct varieties of bacteria, including Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio spp. Multiple harmful microorganisms were isolated from spaghetti and jollof rice. The results showed that street food has the quality to spread food-borne illnesses, which highlights the need for workable solutions focused on street food safety.
References
Bryan, F. L. (1979). Infections and intoxications caused by other bacteria in food-borne infections and intoxications, Pp: 213-214.
CFIA (2009).Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Salmonella Food Safety Facts. Preventing food-borne illness.
Chakravarty, I. & Canet, C. (2002). Street food in Calcutta. http:// www.fao.org/docrep/w3699T/w399T06.HTM.
De Boer, E. Dod, R. Beuner. (2001). Methodology for Detection of Food-borne Microorganisms. Journal of food protection (66), Pp:1587- 1589.
Egeonu E. C. (2002). Food microbiology; fundamentals and Applications, Lagos: Natural Prints Limited Publisher, Pp: 2-3
Feldman. R. A. & Riley, L.W. (1985). Epidemiology of Salmonella and Shigella infections in the United States. In “Bacterial Diarrhea Disease”, Ed. Y. Takeda. And T. Miwatin. KTR Scientific Publishers, Tokyo, Japan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4990-4_10
Ghosh, M. S. Wahi, M./ Kumar. & A. G. Hanguli . (2007). Prevalence of enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus and Shigella spp. In some raw street vended Indian foods. Int. journals of Environ. Health Res., Pp:17:151-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603120701219204
Granum, P.E. (2005).Bacillus cereus as a Food-borne Pathogen.Microbiology andMolecular Biology.EdsFratamico, P.M., Bhunia, A.K., and Smith, J.L. Great Britain. Caister Academic Press.Pg. 409-420.
James, M. J. (2005). Modern Food Micro-biology. (4th edition) CBS Publication New Dashi Indian 413 -417.
Jolt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Stanley, J.T., and Williams, S.T. (1994). Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, 9th edn. Williams & Wilkins Co. Baltimore, Maryland, p. 786.
Mead, P. S. Sultsker, l. Diet 2, V., Mccaig, L.F., Bresce, J.S., Shapiro, C,Griffin, P. M., & Tauxe, R.V. (1999) food related illness and death in the united states. Emerg. Infect Dis PP. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0505.990502
Mensah, P. (1997). Persistent diarrhea in Ghana. Report submitted to Japan International Co - Operation Agency.
Micheal, Pelzar, J. R, Roger, D. (2001). Environmental Microbiology 3rd edition. London: Crawford (Punishers) Pp: 147.
Munide, O. K. & Kuria, E. (2005). Hygienic and Sanitary practices of vendors of street foods in Nairobi Kenya. African Journal of food Agriculture and Nutritional Development. Pp: 5:1-13. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.8.1060
Nester, E. W. Anderson, D. G. Roberts, C. E. & Nester M. T. (2007). Microbiology: A Human perspective 5th edition WCB/McGrawHill, Pp: 50-51.
Nweze, E.A. (2010). Aetaology of Diarrhea and Virulence properties of Diarrheagenic E. Coil among patents and Healthy subjects in south east Nigeria. Journal of Health popul. Nut. 28 (3) Pp: 245 -252. https://doi.org/10.3329/jhpn.v28i3.5551
Oje OJ, David OM, Adeosun OM, Adebayo AA, Famurewa O. Multiple antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat foods from food outlets in Ekiti State University and its environ. British Microbiology Research Journal. 2016;13(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2016/23477
Olawale AK, Salako RJ, Olawale AO, Famurewa O. Antibiotic resistance Enterococcus faecalis isolated from canteens in Osun State, Nigeria. British Microbiology Research Journal. 2015;6(4):196-206. https://doi.org/10.9734/BMRJ/2015/7348
Oranusi S, Omagbemi F, Eni AO. Microbiological safety evaluation of snacks sold in fast food shops in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 2011;6 (7):309-313.
Oranusi S, Braide W. A study of microbial safety of ready-to-eat foods vended on highways: Onitsha-Owerri, south east Nigeria. International Research Journal of Microbiology. 2012;3(2):66-71
Oweghe Ureghe , U.B and Afe O.E. (2001). Bacteriology examination of some ready to eat foods sold in Ekpoma Edo State market. Nigerian food Journal (4) Pp. 37.
Snedecor, G.W., and Cochran, W.C. (1976). Statistical methods. The Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Speck, M.L. (1976). Compendium of methods for microbiological examination of foods, American Public Health Association, Washington DC pp. 277 – 328.
Umoh, V. J. & Odibo, M. B. (1999). Safety and Quality Evaluation of street Foods sold in Zaria, Nigeria Journal of food control, Pp: 10: 9-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(98)00149-2
Wagner, A. (2001). Bacteriological food poisoning. May 14, 2012. Retrieved from: http: // aggie horticulture tamu. Edu/ extension/ poison.
Wagner, A.B. (2009). Epidemiology of food poisoning outbreaks in Singapore, 2001- 2005.Epidemiological News Bulletin, Journal of Microbiology,31: 68-72.
WHO (2001). Background paper: Developing a food safety strategy. WHO strategic planning meeting. Geneva. https://lapps.who.int/fsfl DOCUMENTS /BACKGROUND%20 PAPER. Pdf
WHO (2003). Module a decentralization policies and practices: case study Ghana. Participants Manual, Geneve. http:/info.worldbank.org/etools/ docs /library/ 205756/ sloga/ docs/ sloga/ MODA.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 UMYU Scientifica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
