Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Stigmasterol, β-Sitosterol, and Tripalmitolein from the Leaf of Vitex Chrysocarpa (Lamiaceae)

Authors

  • Safwan Yakubu Ruba Department of Chemistry, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Jigawa, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0567-420X
  • Mohammed Ibrahim Sule Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • Yahaya Muhammad Sani Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • Adetunji Adebayo Sadam Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-5549
  • Muhammad Sada Uzairu Department of Chemistry, National Open University of Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2434.008

Keywords:

Vitex chrysocarpa, Lamiaceae, Extraction, NMR, Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol

Abstract

Study’s Excerpt

  • Successful isolation and structural elucidation of Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and tripalmitolein from Vitex chrysocarpa were carried out.
  • Chromatographic techniques and 1D/2D NMR analysis were employed in the research.
  • Vitex chrysocarpa has potentials to be used in treating ailments like fever and dysmenorrhea.

Full Abstract

Vitex chrysocarpa (Lamiaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat fever, dysmenorrhea, venereal diseases, and dysentery.  However, more research needs to be done on the compounds responsible for these activities.  This study aims to isolate and elucidate the main bioactive compounds from the plant’s methanol leaf extract.  The maceration method was utilized for the extraction, while column and thin-layer chromatographic techniques were employed for purification and isolation.  As a result, Tripalmitolein (4.7 mg) and a combination of Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (7 mg) were isolated.  Careful examination of the 1D and 2D NMR data allowed for the structural elucidation of the compounds, and additional confirmation of the compounds were obtained by comparing the results with those of the existing literature.  This study presents the first isolation and structural elucidation of Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and tripalmitolein from Vitex chrysocarpa.

References

Akwada, U. C., Igwe, O. U., Chisom, F., & Diala, C. I. (2020). Isolation and Characterization of Stigmasterol and Β -Sitosterol from the leaves of Emilia coccinea ( Sims ) G. Don. Communication in Physical Science, 6(2), 863–868.

Ashraf, R., Bhatti, H. N. (2021) Chapter 10-Stigmasterol. A centum of Valuable Plant Bioactives (213-232). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822923-1.00019-4

Atiku, I., Pateh, U. U., Sule, M. I., & Isyaka, M. S. (2021). Isolation of squalene and its derivative from the leaf of Ficus sycomorous L. (Moracaea). International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 19(1466), 65–69.

Chaturvedula, V. S. P., & Prakash, I. (2012). Isolation of Stigmasterol and ?-Sitosterol from the dichloromethane extract of Rubus suavissimus. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 1(9), 239–242. https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i9.11613

Devika, R. (2017). A Review on Genus Vitex -A Novel Medicinal Plant. 5(6), 1904–1908. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijprhs.2017.06.01

Di Pietro, M. E., Mannu, A., & Mele, A. (2020). NMR determination of free fatty acids in vegetable oils. Processes, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040410

I. Ibrahim, I. A. Bello, I. G. Ndukwe, I. G. K. (2018). ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STIGMASTEROL AND Β-SITOSTEROL FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF Adenodolichos paniculatus (FABACEAE). FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal, 3(2), 770–772.

Ilodibia, C. V., Okafor, J. C., Akachukwu, E. E., Igboabuchi, N. A., Chukwuma, U. M., & Adimonyemma, N. R. (2016). Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies on Vitex Chrysocarpa (Planch ex Benth.). American Journal of Life Science Researches, 4(4), 127–131. https://doi.org/10.21859/ajlsr-040403

Lu, Y., Wang, J., Deng, Z., Wu, H., Deng, Q., Tan, H., & Cao, L. (2013). Isolation and characterization of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)-producing Streptomyces sp. S161 from sheep (Ovis aries) faeces. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 57(3), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12096

Meerts, P. (2020). The genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) in the flora of Cameroon. Phytotaxa, 434(2), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.434.2.6

GBIF Secretariat (2021). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-02-02.

Nhan, Dang Thi Thanh Trang, H. T., & Y, N. D. (2018). ISOLATION OF STIGMASTEROL AND β -SITOSTEROL FROM OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM L. ( LAMIACEACE ). Journal of Science and Education, College of Education, Hue University, 01(45), 39–44.

Nieva-Echevarría, B., Goicoechea, E., Manzanos, M. J., & Guillén, M. D. (2014). A method based on 1H NMR spectral data useful to evaluate the hydrolysis level in complex lipid mixtures. Food Research International, 66, 379–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.09.031

Nieva-Echevarría, B., Goicoechea, E., Manzanos, M. J., & Guillén, M. D. (2016). A study by 1H NMR on the influence of some factors affecting lipid in vitro digestion. Food Chemistry, 211, 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.021

Nna, A., Halliru, A., & Wada, D. (2022). Phytomedicine Plus Ethnobotanical survey: A comprehensive review of medicinal plants used in treatment of gastro intestinal diseases in Kano state , Nigeria . Phytomedicine Plus, 2(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100180

Nna, P. J., Tor-Anyiin, T. A., & Muluh, E. (2019). Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from the Root of Mangifera indica and Their Biological Activities against Some Pathogens. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 7(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2019/v7i430105

Pierre, L. L., & Moses, M. N. (2015). Isolation and Characterisation of Stigmasterol and Β -Sitosterol from Odontonema Strictum (Acanthaceae). Journal of Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Sciences, 2(2349–2759), 88–95.

Retief, L., McKenzie, J. M., & Koch, K. R. (2009). A novel approach to the rapid assignment of 13C NMR spectra ofmajor components of vegetable oils such as avocado, mango kernel andmacadamia nut oils. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 47(9), 771–781. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.2463

Romano, B., Lucariello, G., & Capasso, R. (2021). Topical collection “pharmacology of medicinal plants.” Biomolecules, 11(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010101

Saeidnia, S., Manayi, A., Gohari A. R., and Abdollahi M. (2014). The story of Beta-sitosterol- A Review. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(5), 590-609. https://doi.org/10.9734/EJMP/2014/7764

Salmerón-Manzano, E., Garrido-Cardenas, J. A., & Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2020). Worldwide research trends on medicinal plants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103376

U. U. Pateh, A. K. Haruna, M. Garba, I. Iliya, I. M. Sule, M. S. A. and A. A. A. (2009). Isolation of Stigmasterol , β-Sitosterol And 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester from the rhizomes of Stylochiton lancifolius, Pyer & Kotchy (Araceae). Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1), 19–25.

Wu, X., Xu, L., Yuan, G., Wang, Y., & Xu, X. (2017). Triglycerides Isolated from <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. ZZ035 and Their Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characters. Spectral Analysis Review, 05(01), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4236/sar.2017.51001

Downloads

Published

2024-10-16

How to Cite

Ruba, S. Y., Sule, M. I., Sani, Y. M., Sadam, A. A., & Uzairu, M. S. (2024). Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Stigmasterol, β-Sitosterol, and Tripalmitolein from the Leaf of Vitex Chrysocarpa (Lamiaceae). UMYU Scientifica, 3(4), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2434.008

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): UMYU Scientifica, Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2024

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Safwan Yakubu Ruba, Mohammed Ibrahim Sule, Yahaya Muhammad Sani, Adetunji Adebayo Sadam, Muhammad Sada Uzairu

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.