A Quantitative Synthesis to Assess the Influence of Carbonated Beverage Consumption on the Occurrence of Abnormally Low Calcium Levels in the Bloodstream
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2434.022Keywords:
Hypocalcemia, Carbonated beverages, Calcium, Bloodstream, Statistical synthesis, Relative riskAbstract
Study’s Excerpt
- Meta-analysis on the association between carbonated beverage (CB) consumption and hypocalcemia is carried out.
- The findings revealed moderate increase in hypocalcemia risk with higher CB intake.
- Consumption of CB could potentially impact health.
Full Abstract
This research looks into how drinking carbonated beverages (CB) relates to hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia is a condition where people have low calcium levels in their blood, which can be serious to a healthy life. We reviewed past studies using databases such as Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar to capture older articles, screening up to April 2023 for relevant publications. Out of 198 articles identified, after closely examining titles and abstracts, 25 were deemed relevant. In the end, we included six studies in our detailed analysis. To understand the data, we calculated pooled relative risks (RRs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random effects model. This helped us deal with differences in results across the studies. We assessed variability using the I² statistic. The analysis revealed a moderate association between higher CB consumption and an increased risk of hypocalcemia, with a pooled RR of 1.34 (95% CI: 0.93–1.92). Variability across studies was moderate (I² = 51.46%). These findings suggest that regular consumption of carbonated beverages may moderately increase the risk of developing hypocalcemia. Clinically, this underscores the importance of reducing CB intake to prevent potential adverse effects on calcium metabolism and overall bone health.
References
Amato, A., Maravilla M., C., Gaja, O., Revilla, C., & Guerra, R. (1998). Acute effects of soft drink intake on calcium and phosphate metabolism in immature and adults rats. Rev Invest Clin. 50:185–9.
DerSimonian, R., & Kacker, R. (2007). Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials: an update. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 28: 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2006.04.004
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986). Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials. 7: 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
Docimo, G., Tolone, S., Pasquali, D., Conzo, G., D’Alessandro, A., & Casalino, G. (2012). Role of pre and post-operative oral calcium and vitamin D supplements in prevention of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. G Chir. 33:374–8.
Guarnotta, V., Riela S., Massaro, M., Bonventre, S., Inviati, A., Ciresi, A., Pizzolanti, G., Benvenga, S., & Giordano, C. (2017). The Daily Consumption of Cola Can Determine Hypocalcemia: A Case Report of Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism-Related Hypocalcemia Refractory to Supplemental Therapy with High Doses of Oral Calcium. Front. Endocrinol. 8:7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00007
Guerrero-Romero, F., Rodriguez-Moran, M., & Reyes, E. (1999). Consumption of soft drinks with phosphoric acid as a risk factor for the development of hypocalcemia in postmenopausal women. J Clin Epidemiol. 52:1007–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00097-9
Healthline. (2023). Carbonated beverages and urinary calcium excretion. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/carbonated-water-good-or-bad
Hedges, L. V., & Ingram, O. (1985). Statistical Models for Meta-Analysis. New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-03396-0
James, L., L. (2023). Hypocalcemia (Low Level of Calcium in the Blood). Merck & Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/hypocalcemia-low-level-of-calcium-in-the-blood
Lorente-Poch, L., Sancho, J., J., Munoz-Nova, J., L., Sanchez-Velazquez, P., & Sitges-Serra, A. (2015). Defining the syndromes of parathyroid failure after total thyroidectomy. Gland Surg. 4:82–90. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2014.12.04
Mazariegos-Ramos, E., Rodriguez-Moran, M., Guerrero-Romero, J., F., Paniagua, R., & Amato, D. (1995). Consumption of soft drinks with fosforic acid as a risk factor for the development of hypocalcemia in children, a case control study. J Pediatrics. 126:940–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70215-6
Mona, P., Sada, N. D., Bhaskar, T., & Sreenivas, V. (2020). Methods of Estimating the Pooled Effect Size Under Meta-Analysis: A Comparative Appraisal. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.
Moran, J., M., Lopez-Arza, L., G., Lavado-Garcia, J., M., Pedrera-Canal, M., ReySanchez, P., & Rodriguez-Velasco, F., J. (2013). Hormonal relationships to bone mass in elderly Spanish men as influenced by dietary calcium and vitamin D. Nutrients. 5:4924–37. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5124924
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). (2016). Consumption of cola drinks and its impact on calcium levels: A review of clinical cases and experimental data.
Raudenbush, S., W. (2009). Analyzing effect sizes: random-effects models. In Cooper H, Hedges LV, Valentine JC (eds.). The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis New York: Russell Sage Foundation. (pp. 295 – 315).
Sidik, K., & Jonkman, J., N. (2007). A comparison of heterogeneity variance estimators in combining results of studies. Statistics in Medicine. 26: 1964–1981. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2688
Tucker, K., L., Morita, K., Qiao, N., Hannan, M., T., Cupples, L., A., & Kiel, D., P. (2006). Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 84:936–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936
Wyshak, G., & Frisch, R., E. (1994). Carbonated beverages, dietary calcium, the dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio, and bone fractures in girls and boys/carbonated beverage consumption and bone density among older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Adolesc Health. 15:210–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139X(94)90506-1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zakari, Y., Omeiza Muhammedjamiu Otu, Muhammad, I., Ramat, M. H.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
&
