Effects of Callosobruchus maculatus Infestation on the Proximate Composition of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Sold in Lapai Market
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.1122.026Keywords:
Cowpea, Pest Infestation, Proximate Composition, Callosobruchus maculatus Vigna Unguiculata LAbstract
Cowpea damage caused by pest infestation is a major challenge to farmers and traders in Nigeria which request urgent response. This research is aimed primarily to evaluate the proximate composition and degree of infestation effect on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) nutrients. The samples of cowpea were randomly collected in the Lapai market, refrigerated for a week to stop insect action and were separated into two categories, non-infestation (sample without exit hole) and infestation (samples with one, two and three exit holes), Samples were subjected to proximate composition and statistical analyses for variation in nutrient. Results show a rise in protein and moisture content in the sample without infestation. But shows a decrease in Carbohydrate, Fat, Fibre and Ash content in non-infested samples. For the infested sample, infestation leads to significant deterioration of nutrients of food products developed from cowpeas. The current result shows that pest infestations reduced nutritional benefits as a protein source in livestock and human diets.
References
Ajeigbe, H. A., Ihedioha, D., & Chikoye, D. (2008). Variation in physico-chemical properties of seed of selected improved varieties of cowpea as it relates to industrial utilization of the crop. African journal of Biotechnology, 7(20).
Alao, F. O., and Adebayo, T. A., (2011). Comparative Toxicity of Botanical and Synthetic Insecticides against Major Field Insect Pests of Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L) Walp). Journal of Natural Production and Plant Resources 1(3): 86-95.
Aliyu, M., and Ahmed, B. I., (2006). "Comparative efficacy of different rate of groundnut oil for the control of cowpea weevils (Callosobruchusmaculatus) in stores cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp)" Global journal of agricultural sciences, vol. 5, no. 2, 123-126. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v5i2.2314
Anderson, J. W., Smith, B. M., & Washnock, C. S. (1999). Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dry bean and soybean intake. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 70(3), 464s-474s. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.3.464s
AOAC., 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C.
Bolarinwa, K. A., Ogunkanmi, L. A., Ogundipe, O. T., Agboola, O. O., & Amusa, O. D. (2022). An investigation of cowpea production constraints and preferences among smallholder farmers in Nigeria. GeoJournal, 87(4), 2993-3005. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10405-6
Damaris, A. O., (2007). The Potential of Pigeon pea (Cajanuscajar L.) in Africa.Natural Resources Forum, 297 -305. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2007.00157.x
Delouche, J.C., (1980): Environmental effect on seed development and seed quality Horticure. Science., 15:775-780. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.15.6.775
Díaz-Batalla, L., Widholm, J. M., Fahey, G. C., Castaño-Tostado, E., & Paredes-López, O. (2006). Chemical components with health implications in wild and cultivated Mexican common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(6), 2045-2052. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051706l
Echendu, T.N.C., (1991). Ginger, cashew and neem as surface protectants of cowpea against infestation and damage by Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) Tropic Science, 31:209-211.
El-Niely, H. F. (2007). Effect of radiation processing on antinutrients, in-vitro protein digestibility and protein efficiency ratio bioassay of legume seeds. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 76(6), 1050-1057. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.10.006
Emosairue, S. O. and Ubana, U. B. (1998). Field evaluation of neem for the control of some cowpea insect pests in Southern Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Science. 4: 237-241
FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO. (2017). The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2017. Building resilience for peace and food security. Rome:
Fatokun, C. A., Tarawali, S. A., Singh, B. B., Kormawa, P. M. & Tamò, (2000). M. Challenges and opportunities for enhancing sustainable cowpea production. Proceedings of the World Cowpea Conference III held at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, 4-8 September 2000, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Forouzanfar, M. H., Alexander, L., Anderson, H. R., Bachman, V. F., Biryukov, S., Brauer, M., et al. (2015). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (2013). Lancet 386, 2287-2323. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00128-2
Gondwe, T. M., Alamu, E. O., Mdziniso, P., & Maziya-Dixon, B. (2019). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) for food security: an evaluation of end-user traits of improved varieties in Swaziland. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1-6. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52360-w
Isman, M. B. (2000). Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Protection, 19(8-10), 603-608. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00079-X
Isman, M.B. (2006). Botanical insecticides, deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology. 51: 45-66. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146
Jayathilake, C., Visvanathan, R., Deen, A., Bangamuwage, R., Jayawardana, B. C., Nammi, S., & Liyanage, R. (2018). Cowpea: an overview of its nutritional facts and health benefits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(13), 4793-4806. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9074
Key, T. J., Schatzkin, A., Willett, W. C., Allen, N. E., Spencer, E. A., & Travis, R. C. (2004). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of cancer. Public health nutrition, 7(1a), 187-200. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2003588
Khalid, I. I., & Elharadallou, S. B. (2013). Functional properties of Cowpea (Vigna ungiculata L. Walp), and Lupin (Lupinus termis) flour and protein isolates. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 3(6), 1. [Crossref]
Kirse, A., & Karklina, D. (2015). Integrated evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and maple pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense L.) spreads. Agronomy Research, 13(4), 956-968.
Langyintuo, A. S., Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., Faye, M., Lambert, D., Ibro, G., Moussa, B., & Ntoukam, G. (2003). Cowpea supply and demand in West and Central Africa. Field crops research, 82(2-3), 215-231. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00039-X
Mamiro, P. S., Mbwaga, A. M., Mamiro, D. P., Mwanri, A. W., & Kinabo, J. L. (2011). Nutritional quality and utilization of local and improved cowpea varieties in some regions in Tanzania. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 11(1). [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v11i1.65876
Manda, J., Alene, A. D., Tufa, A. H., Abdoulaye, T., Wossen, T., Chikoye, D., & Manyong, V. (2019). The poverty impacts of improved cowpea varieties in Nigeria: A counterfactual analysis. World Development, 122, 261-271. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.027
N'Gbesso, F. D. P. M., Fondio, L., Dibi, B. E. K., Djidji, H. A., & Kouame, C. N. (2013). Étude des composantes du rendement de six variétés améliorées de niébé [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 63, 4754-4762. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.4314/jab.v63i1.87249
Oboh, H. A., & Agu, K. (2010). The effects of various traditional processing methods on the glycemic index and glycemic load of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata). Journal of food biochemistry, 34(6), 1332-1342. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00423.x
Ojo, I.O. (1996). On the effectiveness of insecticides of biological origin. Proceeding of 25th Annual Conference. Entomological Society of Nigeria 30:25-31.
Okrikata, E. and Anaso, C.E. (2008). Influence of some inert diluents of neem kernel powder on the protection of sorghum against pink stalk borer (Sesamiacalamistis, Homps) in Nigerian Sudan savannah. Journal of Plant Protection Research. 48(2): 161- 168. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10045-008-0019-4
Olapade, A. A., Ugokwe, P. U., Ozumba, A. U., Solomon, H. M., Olatunji, O. and Adelaja, S. O. (2004). physical chemical properties of primixes for preparation of Akara. Nigerian Food Journal, 22:54-59. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.4314/nifoj.v22i1.33568
Onwuka, G. I. (2005). Food analysis and instrumentation: theory and practice. Napthali prints, Lagos, 133-137.
Paredes, M., Becerra, V., & Tay, J. (2009). Inorganic nutritional composition of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes race Chile. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 69(4), 486-95. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392009000400002
Profit, M. (1997). Bruchid Research at Royal Holloway. University of London, London, UK..
Ravi, R., and Sushelamma, N. S., 2005. Simultaneous optimization of a multi-response system by desirability function analysis of Boondi making: a case study. Journal of Food Science, 70, S539-S547. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb11531.x
Ritchie, H., and Roser, M. (2020). Micronutrient Deficiency. Germany: Published online at Our world In Data.org.
Roorkiwal, M., Pandey, S., Thavarajah, D., Hemalatha, R., & Varshney, R. K. (2021). Molecular mechanisms and biochemical pathways for micronutrient acquisition and storage in legumes to support biofortification for nutritional security. Frontiers in Plant Science, 1029. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.682842
Rosa, C. O., Costa, N. M., Leal, P. F., & Oliveira, T. T. (1998). The cholesterol-lowering effect of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) without hulls in hypercholesterolemic rats. Archivos latinoamericanos de nutricion, 48(4), 299-305.
Sajilata, M. G., Singhal, R. S., & Kulkarni, P. R. (2006). Resistant starch-a review. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 5(1), 1-17. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2006.tb00076.
Salawu, S. O., Ibukun, E. O., David, O., & Ola-Salawu, B. B. (2014). Effect of Callosobruchus maculatus infestation on the Nutrient-antinutrient composition, Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of some varieties of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata). Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 6(3), 322-332. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.19026/ajfst.6.31
Sánchez-Chino, X., Jiménez-Martínez, C., Dávila-Ortiz, G., Álvarez-González, I., & Madrigal-Bujaidar, E. (2015). Nutrient and nonnutrient components of legumes, and its chemopreventive activity: a review. Nutrition and cancer, 67(3), 401-410. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2015.1004729
Schmutterer, H. (1990). Properties and potentials of natural pesticides from the neem tree, Azadirachta Indica. Annual Review of Entomology, 35: 271298. [Crossref]
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.35.010190.001415
Shen, Y. C. and Zhang Y. B. (2000). Biopesticides. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing pp31- 35.
Singh, B.B. Mohan Raj, D.R. Dashiell, K. E, and Jackai, L.E.N. (1997). Advances in cowpea research. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria and JIRCA, Japan. [Crossref]
Singh, S. R., & Emden, H. V. (1979). Insect pests of grain legumes. Annual review of Entomology, 24(1), 255-278.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.24.010179.001351
Thorne, M. J., Thompson, L. U., & Jenkins, D. J. (1983). Factors affecting starch digestibility and the glycemic response with special reference to legumes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 38(3), 481-488. [Crossref] https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/38.3.481
Vasconcelos, I. M., Maia, F. M. M., Farias, D. F., Campello, C. C., Carvalho, A. F. U., de Azevedo Moreira, R., & de Oliveira, J. T. A. (2010). Protein fractions, amino acid composition and antinutritional constituents of high-yielding cowpea cultivars. Journal of food composition and analysis, 23(1), 54-60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2009.05.008
Vatanasuchart, N., Niyomwit, B., & Wongkrajang, K. (2009). Resistant starch contents and the in vitro starch digestibility of Thai starchy foods. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 43(1), 178-186. [Crossref]
World Health Organization (2017). Factsheet: Children - reducing mortality. who.int/health-topics/child-healt.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 UMYU Scientifica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
&
