Antibacterial Activity of the Leaf Extract of Acalypha wilkesiana against some Human Bacterial Pathogens

Murtala Musa Mansur; Jibril Mohammed Sani; Daneil Jesuwenu Ajoose; Abdulmalik Suraj; Bashir Mayaki Mohammed; Usman Abubakar; Yusuf Sulaiman; Ismail Muslim; Madu Him Abdulkarim; Zandam Danladi Nuhu; Halimat Abdulsalami; Adeniyi Abdulazeez Kamoru

doi:10.56919/usci.2431.018

Authors

Murtala Musa Mansur Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Duste, Ibrahim Aliyu Bye-Pass, P.M.B 7156, Duste Jigawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4099-6689
Jibril Mohammed Sani 2Department Of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Duste, Ibrahim Aliyu Bye-Pass, P.M.B 7156, Duste Jigawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9303-2754
Daneil Jesuwenu Ajoose Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural sciences, North-west University, Mmabatho, South Africa, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7258
Abdulmalik Suraj Department Of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Duste, Ibrahim Aliyu Bye-Pass, P.M.B 7156, Duste Jigawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8284-2727
Bashir Mayaki Mohammed Department of Plant Biology, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5880-4931
Usman Abubakar Department of Plant Biology, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0721-2952
Yusuf Sulaiman Collage of Clinical and Allied Health Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Bayero University Kano https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3297-4739
Ismail Muslim 1Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Duste, Ibrahim Aliyu Bye-Pass, P.M.B 7156, Duste Jigawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0559-3377
Madu Him Abdulkarim Department of Biological Sciences Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4543-349X
Zandam Danladi Nuhu Department of Science Laboratory Technology, College of Science and Technology, Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse, Nigeria
Halimat Abdulsalami Federal University of Technology Minna Niger State Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3338-439X
Adeniyi Abdulazeez Kamoru Department Of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Duste, Ibrahim Aliyu Bye-Pass, P.M.B 7156, Duste Jigawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-1023

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2431.018

Keywords:

Bacteria, Pathogen, Antibiotics, Resistance, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bacterycidal concentration

Abstract

Humanity has long been creating traditional treatments based on the knowledge of medicinal plants found worldwide. The medicinal potential of Acalypha wilkesiana in treating skin and gastrointestinal problems is highly appreciated. This study aimed to examine the Acalypha wilkesiana leaf extract's antibacterial effectiveness against a variety of human bacterial infections. Standard techniques were used to determine whether secondary metabolites were present in methanolic, ethanolic, and hot water extracts. The plant extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria obtained from Bells University of Technology, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Agar diffusion was used for antibacterial activities, and Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the agar dilution method. According to the study's findings, the plant sample included flavonoids, tannin, alkaloids, and saponins. With a MIC of 2.5 mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis and 5.0 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, hot water extract exhibited the highest activity level against all tested isolates. As a result, Acalypha wilkesiana leaf extract exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.

References

Adewale, I. O., Adebiyi, V. G., Famutimi, O. G., and Dada, O. V. (2023). Kinetics of trypsin inhibition by methanolic and solvent-partitioned fractions of two medicinal plants-Momordica charantia and Xylopia aethiopica. South African Journal of Botany, 152, 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.11.037

Afrid, S., Ahmed, S. S., Prajwal, S., Kumar, R., and Yadav, G. (2023). Review of Antiviral Medicinal Herbs with Special Emphasis on COVID-19. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 16(6), 3038-3046. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00501

Bano, A., Qadri, T. A., and Khan, N. (2023). Bioactive metabolites of plants and microbes and their role in agricultural sustainability and mitigation of plant stress. South African Journal of Botany, 159, 98- 109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.05.049

Banso, A. and Mann, A. (2000). Antimicrobial alkaloid fraction from Commiphora africana (A. Rich). J.Pharm. Biores., 3(2):98-102. https://doi.org/10.4314/jpb.v3i2.32102

Bhat, N. A., Licha, J., Karmakar, D., Mipun, P., Bharali, P., Sheikh, N., ... and Kumar, Y. (2023). Ethnoveterinary practises of medicinal plants used for the treatment of different cattle diseases: A case study in East Khasi Hill district of Meghalaya, North East India. Heliyon, e18214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18214

Bhopi, S. C., Jadhav, R. S., and Vikhe, D. N. (2022). Intuition of the pharmacognostical and phytochemical estimation of Zizyphus jujuba bark. Research Journal of Science and Technology, 14(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.52711/2349-2988.2022.00002

Chaplot, N., Pandey, D., Kumar, Y., and Sisodia, P. S. (2023). A comprehensive analysis of artificial intelligence techniques for the prediction and prognosis of genetic disorders using various gene disorders. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 30(5), 3301-3323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-023-09904-1

Cheng, Z., Lu, X., Lin, F., Naeem, A., and Long, C. (2022). Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by Dulong people in northwestern Yunnan, China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 18(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-022-00501-3

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute—CLSI (2009) Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Approved Standard, 29, 1-65.

Ellis, N., Cunningham, J., O'Dowd, D., Garner, D., Orchard, C., Ewence, A., ... and Lillis, A. (2023). P244 The impact of CFTR modulators on positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) culture and antibiotic susceptibility in adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 22, S140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-1993(23)00616-1

El-Mahmood, A. M., and Ameh, J. M., (2007) In vitro antibacterial activity of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) root bark extract against some microorganisms associated with urinary tract infections ;6(11):1272- 1275.

Falodun, A., Okunrobo, L. O. and Uzoamaka, N., (2006). Phytochemical screening and antiinflammatory evaluation of methanolic and aqeueos extracts of Euphobia heterophylla Linn (Euphobiaceae). Afr. J. Biotechnol. ;5(6):529-531.

Gatsing, D., Nkeugouapi, C. F., Nji-Nkah, B. F., Kuiate, J. R., & Tchouanguep, F. M. (2010). Antibacterial activity, bioavailability and acute toxicity evaluation of the leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae). IJP-International Journal of Pharmacology, 6(3), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2010.173.182

Gotep, J. G., Agada, G. O. A., Gbise, D. S. and Chollom, S. (2010). Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Acalypha wilkesiana leaves growing in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Mal J Microbiol6: 69-74. https://doi.org/10.21161/mjm.21309

Kumar, Y., and Singh, A. K. (2022). Documentation of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge on Some Medicinal Plants in Saharanpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India. https://doi.org/10.13189/azb.2022.100405

Lawal, T. O., Ogudo, B. U., Oyedemi, T. O., Bamidele, T. A. and Adeniyi, B. A. (2014). proximate composition and phytochemical consitituents of leaves of some Acalypha species. Pak. J. Nutr. 8: 256 - 258. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.256.258

Maggassouba, F. B., Diallo, A., Kouyate. M. Mara, F.and Bangoura. O. (2007). Ethnobotanical survey and antibacterial activity of some plants used in Guinean traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,114: 44-53 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.009

Makoshi, M. S., Oladipo, O. O., Gotep, J. G., Forcados, G. E. and Shu, M. L. (2016).Safety evaluation of Acalypha wilkesiana in albino rats and BHK-21 cell line. Comparative Clinical Pathology25:1618-5641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-016-2224-2

Marwah, R. G., Fatope, M. O., Mahrooqi, R. A., Varma, G. B., Abadi, H. A. and Al- Burtamani, S. K. S. (2007). Antioxidant capacity of some edible and wound healing plants in Oman. Food Chem; 101:465- 470 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.001

Oladunmoye, M. K. (2006) Comparative evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of two varieties of Acalypha Wilkesiana. Trends Appl. Sci. Res;1:538-541. https://doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2006.538.541

Oluremi, B. B., Osungunna, M.O. andOmafuma,O. O. (2010) Comparative assessment of antibacterial activity of Uvaria chamae parts. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res;4(13):1391- 1394.

Onocha, P. A., and Olusanya, T. O. B. (2010) Antimicrobial and anthelmintic Evaluation of Nigerian Euphorbiaceae Plants 3: Acalypha wilkesiana.African Scientist; 11 - 2.

Romagnoli, S., and Ferre-Dolcet, L. (2022). Reversible control of reproduction in queens: mastering the use of reproductive drugs to manipulate cyclicity. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 24(9), 853-870. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X221118754

Shehu, A., Egwemi, O. I., Ajayi, O. A., and Hamid, A. A. (2022). Phytochemical and Antibacterial Evaluations of Chloroform Extract of Mondia whitei (Hook F) Skeels. Tanzania Journal of Science, 48(4), 741-746. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.2

Shirwaikar, A. Rajendran, K., Bodla, R. and Kumar, C.D. (2004). Neutralization potential of Viper Russelli russelli (Russell's viper) venom by ethanol leaf extract of Acalypha indica. J. Ethnopharmacol. 94: 267-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.010

Tan, L. F., Yap, V. L., Rajagopal, M., Wiart, C., Selvaraja, M., Leong, M. Y., and Tan, P. L. (2022). Plant as an Alternative Source of Antifungals against Aspergillus Infections: A Review. Plants, 11(22), 3009. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223009

Tortora, J. G., Funke, R. B., and Case, L. C.(2002) Microbiology: An Introduction. 7th ed., Person Education, Inc. Publishing; 912.

Trease, G. E., and Evans, M. D., (1989). A Textbook of Pharmacognosy. BuillerTindall and Caussel London, pp. 176-180.

Tsukatani, T., Suenaga, H., Shiga, M., Noguchi, K., Ishiyama, M., Ezoe, T., and Matsumoto, K. (2012). Comparison of the WST-8 colorimetric method and the CLSI broth microdilution method for susceptibility testing against drug-resistant bacteria. Journal of microbiological methods, 90(3), 160- 166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2012.05.001

Von Gernet, A. (2022). What my elders taught me: oral traditions as evidence in Aboriginal litigation. An indigenous oral history reader, 429.

Antibacterial Activity of the Leaf Extract of Acalypha wilkesiana against some Human Bacterial Pathogens

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

References

Downloads

Published

How to Cite

Issue

Section

License

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Information

Make a Submission