Prevalence, Molecular Characterization and Antibiogram Pattern of Livestock Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Livebird Markets Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2434.013Keywords:
Antibiotics, Prevalence, LA-MRSA, Antibiogram PatternAbstract
Study’s Excerpt
- The prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in poultry markets within the Gusau metropolis was examined.
- Phenotypic and molecular (PCR) detection methods were combined to identify the LA-MRSA isolates.
- Multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes were observed in 72.2% of the isolates.
Full Abstract
Poultry farms have been identified as hotspots for the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA). In this study, a total of 320 swab samples were randomly collected from fecal litter, Hands of poultry handlers, Soil, Feed, and Water from five different poultry markets in the Gusau metropolis. The LA-MRSA isolates involved were detected culturally and identified phenotypically by the use of PCR assay. The pooled prevalence of the LAMRSA isolates in the samples was 22(100%). The chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of LAMRSA among the samples collected at 95% confidence interval and 0.05 level of significance. There is no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of LAMRSA among the samples. Findings from the antibiogram study conducted revealed that all the 22(100%) LAMRSA isolates were resistant to Penicillin antibiotics, with resistance to other antibiotics following the order: Nitrofurantoin, 17(77.3%), Sulphamethoxazole, 13(59.1%), Chloramphenicol 6(27.28%), Ciprofloxacin 5(22.7%) and Erythromycin 4(18.2%). A total of 14 multidrug resistant phenotypes were identified from the 22 LAMRSA isolates with 16(72.2%) demonstrating cross resistant to ≥3 of the six different classes of antibiotics used. The MDR rate in soil samples was the highest (27.3%) (p<0.05) compared to other MDR isolates from the other sources. Of all the isolates, 22(100%) demonstrated a MAR Index ranging from 0.2-0.8. These are disturbing trends with significant risks to humans and animals. Suggesting a potential for inoculation of self and transmission to others, particularly through those who sell and make daily contact with live birds. Therefore, the government should awaken the consciousness of poultry farmers/handlers by way of sensitization on the need to improve water quality and practice routine personal and environmental hygiene as it relates to poultry management, with a focus on antibiotic stewardship within the one health framework so as to lower endemicity and equally break the chain of transmission of LA- MRSA across the farm to fork continuum.
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