Antibacterial Potential and Time-Kill Kinetics of Calotropis procera Extracts

Oche Emmanuel Andrew; Ebele U Umeh; Isa Elabor; Suleiman Zakari; Edache Samuel; Samuel Florence Anna

doi:10.56919/usci.2434.040

Authors

Oche Emmanuel Andrew Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria & Joseph Tarkaa Sarwuan University Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-7572
Ebele U Umeh Joseph Tarkaa Sarwuan University Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Isa Elabor Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Florida, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-3812
Suleiman Zakari Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-0937
Edache Samuel National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8549-8531
Samuel Florence Anna National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9632-8966

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2434.040

Keywords:

Calotropis procera, synergistic, Time kill kinetics, antimicrobial, antibacterial

Abstract

Study’s Excerpt:

The potentials of Calotropis procera extracts to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria is assessed.
Bioactive compounds like Lupenyl Acetate and Phytol in the plant showed antibacterial activity.
The stem extract showed more antibacterial activity than the leaf.
C procera could serve as a natural antibiotic alternative.

Full Abstract:

The escalating challenge of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has prompted interest in exploring the antibacterial potential of Calotropis procera. To investigate the antibacterial efficacy of C. procera, the leaves and stems of the plant were collected and macerated in ethanol to obtain crude extracts. Using GC-MS analysis, we identified key phytochemicals in the leaf and stem extracts of the plant. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus were selected for the study. We used the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test to evaluate bacterial susceptibility to C. procera extracts, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microdilution plates. Additionally, time-kill kinetics were assessed for each bacterium. The stem extract demonstrated superior activity, achieving complete bactericidal effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli within 20 hours. Phytochemicals such as Lupenyl Acetate and Phytol were identified as key bioactive compounds. These findings highlight the potential of C. procera as a natural source for developing antimicrobial agents. Statistical analysis strongly suggests that C. procera extracts the test bacteria (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the leaf and stem extracts of C. procera exhibit distinct variations in the relative abundance of bioactive compounds and further demonstrate multiple antimicrobial mechanisms. These properties of the plant highlight its potential as a valuable resource in addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.

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Antibacterial Potential and Time-Kill Kinetics of Calotropis procera Extracts

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